Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a significant mental health condition characterized by a combination of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. This disorder arises from a blend of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors, with a notable genetic predisposition. Neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly serotonin, play a crucial role in the manifestation of OCD symptoms, which can be exacerbated by environmental stressors or traumatic events. The prognosis for OCD can vary; however, with timely and appropriate treatment, many individuals experience substantial symptom relief and improved quality of life. Treatment modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), along with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), and Habit Reversal Training (HRT) have proven effective. These therapies aim to reduce OCD's impact by enhancing psychological flexibility, managing distress, and altering harmful behavioral patterns.